Proposals database

Proposals database table Proposals database (csv) Proposals database (pdf)



• 21st Century Cures Act

  Proposed in 2016 status: Operational

  A US bill which expedites review for qualifying biologicals and devices.

• Advanced Market Commitment for Pneumococcal Vaccines (AMC)

  Launched in 2007 status: Operational

  A scheme where donors precommit to subsidise the price of pneumococcal vaccines on development. Read more ›

• Aeras Global Tuberculosis Vaccine Foundation

  Proposed in 2005 status: Operational

  A non-profit which funds and runs trials and research with the aim of creating tuberculosis vaccines.

• African Network for Drugs and Diagnostics Innovation (ANDI)

  Proposed in 2016 status: Operational

  A network supporting R&D in Africa through funding and capacity building.

• Antibiotic Conservation Effectiveness (ACE) Program

  Proposed in 2011 status: Proposed

  A comprehensive system involving value based reimbursement, P4P payments, conservation-based market exclusivity, and anti-trust waivers

• Antibiotic Innovation Funding Mechanism (AIFM)

  Proposed in 2013 status: Proposed

  A fund awarding grants and various prizes, combined with a tax on antibiotic use.

• Antibiotic Innovation and Conservation (AIC) fee

  Proposed in 2011 status: Proposed

  A tax applied per prescription used to fund push incentives and stewardship programs

• Antibiotic Reimbursement Model

  Proposed in 2016 status: Proposed

  A global reimbursement system providing a base rate reward for qualifying antibiotic products, and then a benchmarked series of additional rewards for novel mechanism of action; addressing serious unmet medical needs; reducing health-care costs; targeting priority resistant pathogens; and post-approval label changes to expand the indications.

• Antibiotics as Public Goods

  Proposed in 2014 status: Proposed

  Milestone monetary prizes for early-stage antibiotic discovery, nonexclusive licensing for promising antibiotics, and an open source platform to share intellectual property, data, and clinical results

• Antibody Corporate Bond

  Proposed in 2015 status: Proposed

  The sale of 10-year government-guaranteed corporate bonds (antibiotic corporate bonds or ACBs), repaid from the sale of patent-extension certificates (PECs), to create a fund for antibiotic R&D

• Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Review

  Commissioned in 2014, reported in 2016 status: Proposed

  Proposes a Global Innovation Fund of \$2bn over 5 years for early-stage and non-commercial research; and a system of market entry rewards of around one billion USD per drug for effective treatments. Read more ›

• Archon Genomics X-Prize

  Proposed in 2006 status: Rejected

  A $10m prize pot for targets in speed and cost relating to genome sequencing, which was cancelled because it was deemed not to be incentivising innovation.

• Armand Hammer Cancer Prize

  Proposed in 1981 status: Completed

  A $1m end prize for a cure for cancer within a decade, as well as smaller milestone prizes for innovative cancer research.

• Australian All you can Treat Hep C contract

  Proposed in 2015 status: Operational

  A volume-based pricing agreement to treat 62,000 people at a cost of AUS$1 billion over five years.

• Australian Democrats Prize Proposal

  Proposed in 2007 status: Proposed

  An optional, international public good patent scheme, where innovators are rewarded from a fund in relation to health impact.

• Automatic License System (ALS)

  Proposed in 2016 status: Proposed

  An Automatic License System as a TRIPS extension which would allow developing countries to automatically license patents relating to prescription drugs.

• B Vaccine Initiative (TBVI)

  Proposed in 2008 status: Operational

  A prescription drug plan focusing on TB vaccines.

• BEAM Alliance Position Paper

  Proposed in 2015 status: Proposed

  Proposed a fund for small and medium biotechs working on AMR, regulatory harmonisation, and market reforms (tax breaks, extended exclusivity, revision of pricing models, market entry reward system) to increase the price of antibiotics and make their creation more attractive.

• Bamako Initiative

  Proposed in 1987 status: Completed

  An experiment launched at a WHO meeting employing community-based revolving drug funds (i.e. user fees).

• Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA)'s Broad Spectrum Antimicrobials (BSA) programme

  Proposed in 2010 status: Operational

  A body creating PDPs, and providing grants and technical support for the develpment of antibiotics.

• Building a Diagnostic Innovation Platform to Address Antibiotic Resistance (Dx Platform)

  Proposed in 2013 status: Proposed

  A proposal to use upfront public funding in exchange for an end-product diagnostic test for antibiotic resistance priced close to marginal cost

• CARB-X

  Proposed in 2016 status: Operational

  A biopharmaceutical incubator with the aim of accelerating a diverse portfolio of at least 20 high-quality antibacterial products towards clinical development by leveraging $450 million in BARDA funds with matching funds from Wellcome Trust.

• CD4 Initiative

  Proposed in 2005 status: Completed

  An initiative to develop an easy to use point-of-care test

• CMultilateral Treaty on Health Technology Cost-Effectiveness Assessment and Competitive Tender

  Proposed in 2006 status: Proposed

  A treaty formalising basic principles for price negotiations between buyers and manufacturers, especially competitive tendering.

• Call Options for Vaccines (COV)

  Proposed in 2006 status: Proposed

  A system where the purchaser buys the option to purchase a set number of pharmaceuticals at a date in the future at a discounted rate.

• Cancer Innovation Fund (CIF)

  Proposed in 2017, dates back to 2008 status: Proposed

  A proposal to delink R&D costs from drug and vaccine prices in the case of cancer. Read more ›

• Carlet and LeCoz 2015

  Proposed in 2015 status: Proposed

  A report to the French government proposing an extension of market exclusivity and revision of price setting and subsidy of R&D costs via a new fund.

• Chagas Disease Prize Fund (CDPP)

  Proposed in 2009 status: Proposed

  A proposal to the WHO for a \$250m prize system for Chagas disease, incorporating product prizes, technical challenge prizes and best contribution prizes. Read more ›

• Chatham House Report

  Proposed in 2015 status: Proposed

  A report proposing the creation of a global secretariat to coordinate domestic expenditure and perhaps create a pooled fund. Advocated the delinkage of R&D costs and sales volume and delinked payments to qualifying products. Critical of market exclusivity as an incentive.

• Clinton Health Access Initiative (CHAI)

  Proposed in 2002 status: Operational

  An initiative to buy and distribute drugs and to negotiate lower drugs prices, particularly focusing on HIV/AIDs

• Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovation (CEPI)

  Proposed in 2017 status: Operational

  A fund for the creation of vaccines for potential epidemic diseases.

• Dengue Vaccine Initiative (DVI)

  Proposed in 2011 status: Superseded

  An initiative which conducted research and policy work to promote the development of a dengue vaccine.

• Developing Economies' Fund for Essential New Drugs (DEFEND)

  Proposed in 2001 status: Proposed

  A fund for buying licenses to produce and sell drugs in the developing world. Read more ›

• Developing an Innovative Strategy for Antimicrobial Resistant Microbes (DISARM) Act

  Proposed in 2014 status: Proposed

  A proposed US bill that would build on NTAP by offering permanently higher payments for qualified antibiotics to those hospitals participating in the Antimicrobial Use and Resistance Module of the National Healthcare Safety Network

• Differential pricing Mycobutin

  Proposed in 1992 status: Operational

  Sold at 55% lower than US price.

• Differential pricing of Insulin

  Proposed in 2001 status: Operational

  Sold at less than 20% of developed prices.

• Differential pricing of Januvia

  Proposed in 2006 status: Operational

  Sold at a fifth of the US price in India after consultation with Indian healthcare workers.

• Differential pricing of Lyrica

  Proposed in 2005 status: Operational

  Sold at 60% lower than US price.

• Differential pricing of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs)

  Proposed in 2000 status: Operational

  Tiered pricing for developing countries for ARVs. Sometimes funded by pharmaceuticals, otherwise by donors.

• Donor Prize Fund

  Proposed in 2009 status: Proposed

  An optional innovation prize fund, funded by a percentage of donor outlays on drugs for HIV/AIDS and perhaps other diseases, where the prize is linked to the licensing of patents and other intellectual property to generic suppliers

• Drug Development Corporation (DDC)

  Proposed in 2008 status: Proposed

  A proposal to separate R&D companies and pharmaceutical production companies at a regulatory level, and create a public, non-profit intermediary called the Drug Development Corporation (DDC). The DDC would license manufacture with price caps, and reward R&D companies with royalties proportionate to social impact. Read more ›

• Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative

  Proposed in 2003 status: Operational

  An R&D institution which also invests in capacity building and campaigns for delinkage

• EU Plan 2011-2015

  Proposed in 2011 status: Completed

  An action plan including the fast tracking of antibiotics.

• Essential Drugs Incubator (EDI)

  Proposed in 2016 status: Proposed

  An international body disbursing grants and prizes in exchange for the IP rights to drugs created.

• Essential Medicines Patent Pool (EMPP)

  Proposed in 2017 status: Proposed

  An extension of the MPP to all essential medicines.

• Essential Patent Pool for AIDS

  Proposed in 2005 status: Proposed

  A proposal to create a patent pool for AIDs drugs.

• European Vaccine Initiative (EVI)

  Proposed in 2011 status: Operational

  A prescription Drugs Plan (PDP) focused on vaccines.

• Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND)

  Proposed in 2003 status: Operational

  A Prescription Drugs Plan (PDP) working on the development and delivery of diagnostic tests for poverty-related diseases.

• Fund for Research in Neglected Tropical Diseases (FRiND)

  Proposed in 2009 status: Proposed

  A fund for R&D into neglected diseases which awards remuneration to innovators provided that their drugs are sold affordably. Read more ›

• GAIN Act - Generating Antibiotic Incentives Now

  Proposed in 2012 status: Operational

  An act extending market exclusivity for antibiotics by 5 years and granting fast track and priority review status.

• GAVI Alliance

  Launched in 2000 status: Operational

  A Product Development Partnership (PDP) focused on vaccines for children, which pools the demand of poorer countries and is financed partly through donor funding and partly through recipient country contributions. Read more ›

• GlaxoSmithKline’s Delinkage Model

  Proposed in 2014 status: Proposed

  An annual payer license combined with a variety of incentives such as PDPs, tax credits, and research grants to delink sales and R&D costs.

• Global Dengue & Aedes-Transmitted Diseases Consortium (GDAC)

  Proposed in 2016 status: Operational

  A consortium committed to the prevention of dengue which provides scientific forums and policy advice

• Global Drug Facility (GDF)

  Proposed in 2001 status: Operational

  A procurement mechanism for TB drugs, which lowers prices via international tendering mechanisms, pooled demand and systematised forecasting.

• Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and Malaria

  Proposed in 2002 status: Operational

  A partnership which mobilises and invests nearly $4bn annually in AIDS, TB and malaria.

• Global Health Investment Fund (GHIF)

  Launched in 2013 status: Operational

  A \$108 million social impact investment fund designed to provide financing to advance the development of drugs, vaccines, diagnostics and other interventions against diseases that disproportionately burden low- and middle-income countries. Read more ›

• Global Union for Antibiotics Research and Development (GUARD)

  Proposed in 2017 status: Proposed

  Proposal for the creation of a Global Union for Antibiotics Research and Development (GUARD) which would administer a Global Research Fund and a Global Development Fund, each of $200 million; and a Global Launch Reward of $1 billion per commercialised product.

• Global Vaccine Development Fund

  Proposed in 2015 status: Proposed

  A proposal to create a $2bn fund via government donations and tax incentives to fund vaccine development.

• Gotham Prize for Cancer Research

  Proposed in 2007 status: Completed

  A $1m annual prize for the scientist posting the best ideas on oncology.

• Green Intellectual Property (GIP)

  Proposed in 2006 status: Proposed

  A patent-related monetary flow directed to a trust fund for R&D.

• Health Impact Fund (HIF)

  Proposed in 2008 status: Proposed

  A proposal to create a fund to pay for pharmaceutical innovation according to health impact. Read more ›

• Health Product Research and Development Fund

  Commissioned in 2014, proposed in 2016 status: Proposed

  A pooled fund proposed to the WHO for Type II and III diseases, which would allocate funding to health product R&D based on evidence-based processes. Read more ›

• Health Product Research and Development Fund [WHO]

  Proposed in 2016 status: Proposed

  A pooled fund proposed to the WHO for Type II and III diseases, which would allocate funding to health product R&D based on evidence-based processes.

• Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) buyout

  Proposed in 2017 status: Proposed

  A proposal by Peter B. Bach and Mark Trusheim for the US government to buy Gilead in order to reduce the cost of HCV.

• Hideyo Noguchi Africa Prize

  Proposed in 2006 status: Operational

  A 100 million yen prize, awarded every five years in two categories, one for individuals active in the field of medical research, and one for an individual or organization involved in medical services.

• Human Hookworm Vaccine Initiative

  Proposed in 2000 status: Completed

  A PDP to develop a hookworm vaccine.

• Improving Access To Affordable Prescription Drugs Act (S. 771 and H.R. 1776)

  Proposed in 2017 status: Proposed

  An act including the creation of a prize fund for antibiotics, to be awarded on condition of openness.

• Industry R&D Facilitation Fund (IRFF)

  Proposed in 2005 status: Proposed

  A proposed mechanism to raise funds for PDPs through the sale of government bonds to be repaid through future donor grants.

• Infectious Disease Research Institute (IDRI)

  Proposed in 1993 status: Operational

  A Prescription Drugs Plan (PDP) focused on infectious diseases.

• Institute for One World Health (iOWH)

  Proposed in 2000 status: Superseded

  A non-profit drug development organisation which is now part of PATH.

• Insurance Premiums

  Proposed in 2015 status: Proposed

  The government or individuals pay insurance premiums into a pot which is then spent on antibiotic R&D and conservation.

• International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI)

  Proposed in 1996 status: Operational

  A prescription drugs plan working on AIDs.

• International Dispensary Association (IDA)

  Proposed in 1972 status: Operational

  A procurer which bulk buys medicines to sell them on more cheaply

• International Financing Facility for Immunization (IFFIm)

  Proposed in 2006 status: Operational

  A fund which raises money by selling vaccine bonds backed by donor commitments on the capital market, and then gives the money to GAVi, the vaccine alliance.

• International Partnership for Microbicides and Tibotec Pharmaceuticals

  Proposed in 2004 status: Completed

  An agreement between the International Partnership for Microbicides and Tibotec Pharmaceuticals, a Belgian subsidiary of pharmaceutical company Johnson & Johnson, to develop a microbicide to protect women from infection with HIV

• International Vaccine Institute (IVI)

  Proposed in 1997 status: Operational

  A non-profit which conducts research, partnerships and capability building in the field of infectious diseases of the poor.

• Intra-country differential pricing of vaccines

  status: Operational

  Public sector and NGOs pay a lesser price than private companies for vaccines

• LBioShield

  Proposed in 2004 status: Operational

  A package of incentives including the commitment to purchase for a national stockpile, aimed at reducing the risks of bioterrorism.

• LLimited Population Antibacterial Drug (LPAD) Plus

  Proposed in 2014 status: Proposed

  The LPAD faster approval system for antibiotics combined with a monetary prize in return for conservation commitments and marginal cost pricing

• Limited Population Antibacterial Drug (LPAD) approval

  Proposed in 2012 status: Operational

  A streamlined clinical trial process for novel antibiotics that allows the drug’s safety and efficacy to be studied based on substantially smaller, faster, and less expensive trials

• Longitude Antibiotics Diagnostics Prize

  Proposed in 2014 status: Operational

  A $10m prize for a diagnostic test which helps to solve antibiotic resistance.

• Longitude prize

  Proposed in 2014 status: Operational

  A £10m prize for developing an affordable point–of–care diagnostic test that will conserve antibiotics. Also gives out seed funding.

• Lygature

  Proposed in 2016 status: Operational

  A prescription drug plan (PDP)

• Magistral production, Utrecht

  Launched in 2017 status: Operational

  A pilot scheme in Utrecht where hospital pharmacies produce personalised prescriptions locally, thus circumventing patent law and saving costs. Funded by insurance companies. Read more ›

• Malaria Vaccine Initiative

  Proposed in 1999 status: Operational

  A prescription drugs plan for malaria vaccines which is part of PATH.

• Medical Innovation Prize Fund (MIPF)

  Proposed to - the House of Representatives in 2005, 2007, 2011, 2013 and 2017 status: Proposed

  A proposal to create a fund to pay for pharmaceutical innovation according to health impact. Read more ›

• Medical Research Future Fund (MRFF)

  Proposed in 2015 status: Operational

  A $7bn investment fund set up by the Australian government using savings from the health department which funds medical R&D.

• Medical Research and Development Treaty (MRDT)

  Proposed in 2002 status: Proposed

  A binding international treaty committing states to contribute a certain proportion of GDP to medical research. Read more ›

• Medicines Patent Pool (MPP)

  Launched in 2010 status: Operational

  A patent pool which reduces the cost of drugs treating HIV, viral hepatitis C and tuberculosis. Read more ›

• Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV)

  Proposed in 1999 status: Operational

  A prescription drugs plan for developing antimalarial drugs.

• Meningitis Vaccine Project

  Proposed in 2001 status: Completed

  A PDP to develop a meningitis vaccine.

• National action plan for combating antibiotic resistant bacteria (CARB)

  Proposed in 2015 status: Operational

  An action plan including among other things the creation of a biopharmaceutical incubator to stimulate innovation, the creation of a shared database on AMR, and the funding of antibiotic development.

• Neglected Disease Fast Track Option (FTO)

  Proposed in 2005 status: Proposed

  A proposal to sell fast track review to companies who wish, and spend the money on R&D for neglected diseases.

• Novartis Pricing Scheme

  Proposed in 2001 status: Operational

  Non-profit provision of antimalarials. Including intra-country differential pricing, where public sector and NGOs pay a lesser price than private companies.

• Office of Health Economics’ model

  Proposed in 2014 status: Proposed

  Combines an AMC at a national or supranational level and local value-based pricing

• Options Market for Antibiotics (OMA)

  Proposed in 2013 status: Proposed

  a funder pays a developer a premium in return for the right to purchase a set volume of antibiotics at a discount upon successful launch

• Orphan Drugs Act 1983 (ODA)

  Enacted in 1983 status: Operational

  A set of incentives included extended market exclusivity introduced by government to encourage the creation of drugs which affect a small number of people. Read more ›

• PATH

  Proposed in 1977 status: Operational

  A non-profit which creates partnerships in the areas of vaccines, drugs, diagnostics, devices, and system and service innovations.

• PCAST Working Group

  Proposed in 2014 status: Proposed

  Proposed 'doubling the current investment from $450 million to $900 million' and spending it in part through direct grant and an antibiotic incentive fund (AMCs and milestone prizes) and Global Challenge Inducement Prizes for the development of rapid, inexpensive, and clinically relevant diagnostics

• PDP+ Fund

  Proposed in 2010 status: Proposed

  A fund allocated to R&D into neglected diseases, which awards remuneration to innovators on condition of pro-access measures.

• Paediatric incentive

  Proposed in 1997 status: Operational

  Companies who carry out drug trials on children are rewarded with a period of market excusivity on the drug for adult consumption, under the Modernisation Act.

• Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Framework

  Proposed in 2011 status: Operational

  A global framework adopted at the WHO to share information and viruses and to commit industry to contribute to a fund.

• Pediatric Dengue Vaccine Initiative (PDVI)

  Proposed in 2001 status: Superseded

  An initiative which conducted research and policy work to promote the development of a dengue vaccine for children.

• President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief Program (PEPFAR)

  Proposed in 2003 status: Operational

  An initiative to buy and distribute HIV drugs to poor countries.

• Priority Review Vouchers (EU)

  Proposed in 2010 status: Proposed

  An EU scheme where companies who create neglected drugs are given a voucher for use on another drug which will expedite the patent review process.

• Priority Review Vouchers (PRV)

  Proposed in 2006, launched in 2007 status: Operational

  A US scheme where companies who create drugs for neglected diseases are given a voucher for use on another drug which will expedite the FDA review process. Read more ›

• Prize4Life

  Proposed in 2006 status: Operational

  A prize fund for ALS treatment.

• Product Development Partnership-Financing Facility (PDP-FF)

  Proposed in 2008 status: Proposed

  Donor-backed bond financing of prescription drug plans

• Rewarding Antibiotic Development and Responsible Stewardship (RADARS) Program

  Proposed in 2013 status: Proposed

  A combination of NTAP payments for novel antibiotics and a guaranteed minimum annual revenue for developers over the drug’s first five years on the market.

• Service-availability premiums

  Proposed in 2015 status: Proposed

  A system where a developer is remunerated on the basis of service performance in view of the user’s desired needs rather than for selling a specific product

• Standard essential patents

  Proposed in 2016 status: Proposed

  Proposes the use of 'standard essential patents’ (used in the telecom sector and also in environment technologies) to allow for mandatory licensing. Any patents which are deemed essential to fulfilling the protocol for a particular disease will be available for use by WHO approved manufacturers, who pay the patent-holder a royalty.

• Strategic Antibiotic Reserve (SAR)

  Proposed in 2009 status: Proposed

  A single or group of governments buy or license the patent for an important first-in-class antibiotic to keep the drug from being marketed

• Sui Generis Rights

  Proposed in 2007 status: Proposed

  Perpetual market exclusivity for off-patent antibiotics.

• TI Pharma

  Proposed in 2006 status: Superseded

  A prescription drug plan which in 2016 merged with CTMM to become Lygature.

• The 3P Project

  Proposed in 2015 status: Proposed (seeking funding to launch in 2017)

  A package of incentives to encourage the creation of a one-month Tuberculosis (TB) regimen which is affordable for all. Read more ›

• The Kochon Prize

  Proposed in 2006 status: Operational

  An annual prize of $65000 for a great achievement in the field of Tuberculosis.

• The Pool for Open Innovation against Neglected Tropical Diseases

  Proposed in 2009 status: Superseded

  An information and patent pool focusing on drugs for NTDs, which then formed the basis of WIPO's ReSearch

• The Reinvigorating Antibiotic and Diagnostics Innovation [READI] Act

  Proposed in 2017 status: Proposed

  An act providing tax credits and other incentives for the development of antibiotics.

• Tuberculosis Alliance

  Proposed in 2000 status: Operational

  A prescription drug plan working on TB.

• Tuberculosis Prize Fund

  Proposed in 2009 status: Proposed

  A proposal to the WHO for a prize system for TB, incorporating product prizes, technical challenge prizes and best contribution prizes

• Vaccine Research Relief

  Proposed in 2003 status: Completed

  An R&D tax credit scheme the fields of vaccines and treatments for tuberculosis, malaria and HIV/AIDS

• WHO Global Consortium

  Proposed 2014 status: Proposed

  A multifaceted model combining milestone prizes and research grants for promising drug candidates, open source sharing of knowledge and information, publicly financed clinical trials, patent buyouts of successfully developed antibiotics, and advanced purchase commitments for generic distribution. Read more ›

• WHO biomedical convention proposals

  Proposed 2005 status: Proposed

  A series of proposals to the WHO to create a global framework committing states to contribute a certain level of funding into a pooled funding mechanism. Read more ›

• WHO’s Tropical Disease Research

  Proposed in 1974 status: Operational

  A programme of scientific collaboration focused on diseases of poverty.